Creativity occurs when something new valuable is formed. The created item may be intangible (such as an idea, a scientific theory, a musical composition, or a joke) or a physical object (such as an invention, a printed literary work, or a painting).

Can Computers be Creative?

The creative process involves two main kinds of thinking – divergent and convergent. In design, these two processes can occur iteratively.

Figure 10. A simplified representation of the creative process

In the creative process, computers can be very good at generating alternatives for a solution to a problem. Eg, at a simple level, Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) can be trained to generate images. These are in use to build 3d models of drug molecules, for example.

However, narrowing down the alternatives to provide a practical solution that works in the real world is where computers struggle. As a theoretical example, if a computer was set the challenge of producing a design that allowed vehicles to gross a gorge, they could come up with a range of solutions, but narrowing it down to a bridge, through considering practical constraints such as safety, gravity, weather, materials, costs, planning permission etc is something that computing would currently struggle with.

Can AI Can AI be Aggressive and Potentially Destructive on its Own?

Deep Mind set out to answer this question, based on the ”Prisoners Dilema” game theory.

Two agents, Red and Blue, collect apples (green) and occasionally tag the other agent (yellow lines).

Agents learnt "highly aggressive" policies when there were few resources (apples) with the possibility of a costly action (not getting a reward). "Less aggressive policies emerge from learning in relatively abundant environments with less possibility for costly action,”

The worrying implications of this is that AI may act aggressively ON ITS OWN in an environment with scarce resources.

Thankfully we are a long way from this becoming a problem, but to prevent it from happening we need people to be aware of how AI  works and know how to control it.

Figure 11. Deep Mind’s “Gathering” game video

use this link.

https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AH9ufP8gPMnMMLA&cid=2D07F5043DA09852&id=2D07F5043DA09852%2186561&parId=2D07F5043DA09852%2186337&o=OneUp

http://www.wired.co.uk/article/artificial-intelligence-social-impact-deepmind