AR & VR.

AR = Augmented Reality and VR = Virtual Reality.

Increasingly there are derivatives like MR = Mixed or Merged Reality.

Collectively this space is often referred to as xR - x being whatever. . . .

Augmented Reality (AR) is a live view of the real world augmented with computer generated imagery, whereas Virtual Reality (VR) is a fully immersive experience. AR can be viewed on a mobile phone, or dashboard, whereas VR requires that the real world is shut out through using immersive goggles.

Augmented and Virtual Reality have been around for more than 30 years. These technologies found their initial applications in the military aircraft arena, with Pilot Head-Mounted Displays, flight simulations and later in entertainment and gaming.

AR/VR is now on a strong upwards trajectory, with AR and VR Headset sales predicted to reach 80 million by 2021[i].

[i] https://www.forbes.com/sites/paullamkin/2017/09/29/vr-and-ar-headsets-to-hit-80-million-by-2021/#7a83df9124bc

Figure 15. Figure 20. AR and VR

Haptics.

Haptics are a key AR/VR technology, and use the sense of touch to manipulate and control digital objects.

Figure 16. Haptics